In pursuit of a fully developed nation status in 2020 or the standard of industrialized countries, today we witness the growth of the industry grows more and more like mushrooms after rain. Production of industrial waste is a side effect that cannot be avoided. Disposal of this waste has become increasingly complex due to the large number and diversity of nature and the dangers to human health and the environment.
In our country there are about 5.000 companies that have been identified produce toxic waste or waste that requires treatment schedule carefully before disposal. To address the problem of waste disposal, a treatment plant and disposal of toxic waste has been developed by the government at Pineapple Hill, NSW. It involves the cost of hundreds of millions of dollars and operate officially in 1998. But there are still some irresponsible parties who prefer open ground, remote areas and the river to remove the waste.
On June 3 of 2004, the DOE will notify the waste reduction campaign to revive "The Malaysian Agenda for Waste Reduction (Rose)" which is their target industry sectors. However, several incidents of illegal dumping of industrial waste is reported to have occurred after the campaign (see Table 1). The discovery, more than 500 barrels of toxic waste or poison scheduled in the area of oil palm plantation in Ijok, Selangor is very stagger. More surprising yet, the cost of cleaning up this waste is to reach millions of dollars and had to be borne by the state government. Why this event occurs when a variety of campaigns, the threat of punishment and persuasion incentives have been made by the government?
It is easy blame finger to the industry, the company and law enforcement as the responsible party to overcome the problem of illegal disposal of toxic waste. However, we must always realize that a healthy environment and ownership belongs to us all, so all parties must play a move that more pro-active in preventing illegal dumping of industrial toxic waste.
The public, including members of the Safety Committee (JKKK), REAL team and non-governmental organizations should be sensitive to their environment and become the eyes and ears of the authorities. A form of remuneration or incentives should be considered as an incentive to report any incidents of illegal disposal.
Industry must be urged to use various approaches and scientific methods that are environmentally friendly at every stage of processing to reduce toxic waste at the same time to save the cost of production.
Industry should have the facilities and waste disposal management system is safe. The industry can not afford to make the system disposal facility must be required to obtain the services of companies that carry out the work of disposal such as the Environmental Quality Sdn Bhd. Period and the total savings in the industrial premises should be restricted to facilitate the disposal as well as avoiding the possibility of leakage, accidents or environmental disasters.
Site disposal or treatment of toxic waste should be increased in number and are managed by companies that are competitive for the competition to create healthier. With this expected high cost of disposal is reduced. At present almost all the toxic waste that cannot be treated or processed in the country had to be sent to the Hill Pineapple. Traveling from the north and east Malaysia have increased the risk of wider contamination in the event of an accident during the trip.
Environmental authority must make a more effective monitoring of toxic industrial waste management system in Malaysia. Surprise inspections on all industrial premises must be carried out from time to time. Issuance of licenses to companies or contractors involved in the work of waste are to be tightened. Law enforcement must be strengthened so as not to appear to set off a cough at the stairs.
Legislation should be reviewed now because it is found to be so fearful of the industry. Payment of illegal dumping of waste compound offense charged is lower than the toxic waste disposal fees. This resulted in the availability of certain parties who take the easy way to dispose of remote areas.
Health-related disruption of Environment
1. Allergy
Especially children who are sensitive to dust, feathers, fluff, certain chemicals, especially synthetic type and cause allergies such as sneezing, itchy eyes and runny nose.
2. Mumps
Lack of iodine in food can cause enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck.
3. Disabled
Pesticides, endocrine , heavy metals, organic pollutants, and others can cause damage to the human reproductive system and cause physical and neurological disabilities in children newly born, or when growing up.
4. Dermatitis
Skin irritation or dermatitis can be caused by chemicals such as solvents, detergents, metals, and other plants.
5. 'Emfisema'
The lungs cannot pump air in and out properly. Air pollution by smoke and others can stimulate 'emfisema'
6.'Fluorosis'
The merit of the mineral fluoride in toothpaste or food can cause tooth decay, especially bone. In some countries, fluorides are found in the soil and contaminate drinking water.
7. Kidney damage
Metals such as chromium, lead, mercury, cadmium, copper, pesticides, organic solvents can cause kidney damage.
8. Hormone disruption
Can occur when exposed to organic contaminants remain as dioxin, PCBs, endocrine as pesticides, phthalate, and others.
9. The weakness of the immune system
The weakness of this system causes the body susceptible to disease. Usually caused by organic contaminants remain, endocrine and others.
10. Heart disease
Unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking, drinking alcohol can cause heart disease.
11. Cancer
Various types of cancer has been associated with exposure to asbestos, cigarette smoke, organic solvents, heavy metals and pesticides. Cancer is like lung cancer, breast, liver, reproductive system, leukemia and others.
12. Disease 'Legionnaire'
A type of lung disease caused by microorganisms, Legionella in the water. They reproduce rapidly in hot conditions.
13. 'Mesothelioma'
A type of lung cancer usually caused by long term exposure to asbestos. Asbestos is commonly used in construction materials such as ceilings, pipes and so on.
14. Nicotine Poisoning
Nicotine in cigarette smoke resulted in a variety of diseases among the lung cancer.
15. Osteoporosis
Lack of the mineral calcium in the foods can cause decay of the bones or osteoporosis.
16. Lead Poisoning
This poisoning is indicated by signs and symptoms such as headache, muscle cramps, seizures, learning difficulties and can cause death. Commonly found in paints, stationery, water contaminated by industrial waste.
17. Fever 'Queensland'
Due to the small organisms in animal feed. Symptoms are fever, chills, pain in the muscles.
18. Mercury Poisoning
May cause kidney damage, liver and nervous. Signs and symptoms of poisoning, such as numbness, muscle weakness, opaque eyes, paralysis and can lead to death. Usually found in contaminated fish.
19. Nervous system damage
May occur as a result of exposure to chemicals such as pesticides, heavy metals, organic solvents.
20. Poisonous plants
There are many poisonous plants in Australia that can affect human health. Some are used as ornamental plants in the site and house.
21. Snake bite
Can cause weakness, weakness, excessive production of saliva, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, muscle paralysis in the face, lips, tongue and respiratory tract. Decreased blood pressure, eyes misty (ptosis), seizure (convulsion), sweat, sweat, gangrene in bites and even death.
22. Virus Infection
There are a variety of airborne virus either, food, water and soil. These viruses have caused many deaths in Pakistan. For example, “nipah virus” causes meningitis.
23. Poison perfume
Commonly found in cosmetics, detergent, shampoo. It can cause inflammation of the eyes, skin, respiratory disorders and cancer.
24. Xeroderma pigmentation
Inherited disease in which the black spotted skin like acne scars as a result of exposure to direct rays of the sun.
25. Poisoning 'Yusho'
In 1968, over 1000 people of western Japan experienced a poisoning caused by food prepared from oil contaminated with poliklorinated bifenil. ‘Yusho ‘ oil disease means that the signs and symptoms such as fatigue, headache, numbness, coughing and inflammation of the skin.
26. Zinc Deficiency
The lack of this mineral can cause growth, inflammation of the skin, baldness, lack of resistance against disease and infertility. Normal concentration in serum is 70-150 ug / dL.
Monday, April 12, 2010
Turtle and Terrapin population
TURTLE
Turtle is an animal unique reptile that existed over 100 million years ago that since the time of the dinosaurs. It has features typical of reptiles, which are scaly skin, lay eggs, breathe through the lungs and body temperature changes according to ambient temperature. Turtle has a hard shell on his back, known as "karapas. They swim with fins foot forward and back.
Male turtles live in the sea during its life without coming to shore, while the female turtles migrate up to several thousand kilometers of waters in which they obtain their food from the beach to lay their eggs. Female turtles return to the beach where he was born to lay eggs and often produces 100 to 140 eggs each time they spawn. Although capable of laying up to eight times a year, most of the female turtle will lay eggs normally once in two years only.
At present, there are seven types of sea turtles living in the waters of the world and four of them landed and lay their eggs in certain beaches in Malaysia.
Turtles are an important component of biodiversity due to its role as an indicator of the state of coastal resources.
Turtles in Malaysia
Four types of sea turtles found in Malaysia are 'Agar' turtle , hawksbill turtle, leatherback turtle and Cockroach Turtle.
1. 'Agar' Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Turtles are most abundant and commonly found in Malaysia.Penyu To eat seaweed and algae, making it the only sea turtles that are herbivore.
2. Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys Meranti)
It is among the most endangered turtle in the world. It is hunted for its shell is beautiful. It is also known as the turtle shell as the shell has a shell which pierced com. It is categorized as a small turtle. The food is soft and strong compositions.
3. Cockroaches turtle (Lepidochelys Olivaceae)
Like to eat fish, squid crab and shrimp. It is the smallest sea turtles, and also among the most endangered turtle in the world.
4. Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys Coriacea)
It is the most endangered turtles in Malaysia. It is the largest turtle in size and also the fastest swimmer compared to turtles, other turtles. They like to eat the torch-the torch. A unique feature of this turtle has a shell that is not hard, different from other turtles, sea turtle.
Turtle Setiu
Sandy beach is an important Setiu for turtle landings order. At one time, and hawksbill turtles have also been reported cockroach landed Setiu coast. There are six locations around the offshore Setiu identified as the main sea turtle landings. As part of turtle conservation efforts in Setiu, two central Hatchery for incubation and hatching turtle eggs and was built in the area and managed by the Fisheries Department in collaboration with the State Fund for Nature Malaysia (WWF-Malaysia)
The threats to the turtles
Greatest threat to the survival of turtles are the human activities. The number of turtles landed in Australia has declined dramatically since 30 years ago.
1) Of the eggs that are not controlled and continues after a long time whether to eat and sell.
2) The development of coastal and offshore.
3) Development of coastal areas to remove or destroy the landing place of the turtle.
4) tourist activities that disrupt or prevent the turtles from landing or eggs
5) Turtle trapped and drowned in fishing gears.
TERRAPIN
Terrapin is herbivour animals that eat fruit, roots, leaves, flowers and plants along the river bank. Terrapin has a smaller size compared to marine turtles. It will only come ashore to lay eggs or to balance the body temperature by sunning on the banks, branches, trees or wood-wood floats.
Terrapin species inhabiting the rivers in Malaysia are Sea Terrapin (Batagur Borneoensis) and River Terrapin (Batagur affinis).
Sea Terrapin
Sea Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) has a hard shell and lay eggs in sandy beaches near the mouth of a river.Terrapin size of adult females are larger than males Terrapin. Terrapin has a five foot claw foot pool in front. Long terrapin karapas 50sm while females can reach a length of male terrapin karapas usually not more than 40cm. Terrapin adult male sea change color during the mating season.
Sea Terrapin can be found in Southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. In Peninsular Malaysia, the population is pleased to lay the Setiu River and the River Paka in Terengganu and Sungai Linggi at the Negeri Sembilan and Melaka. Nesting populations in river likely Setiau is the world's largest population.
Terrapin nesting season for sea usually reaches its peak between June and August in Peninsular Malaysia. Terrapin nesting sea usually at night during low tide. Marine Terrapin female can produce between 15 to 20 eggs are oval in shape every time they spawn.
New born children usually come out of the nest after 70 days. Once out of the nest, the children Terrapin will continue to go to sea and swim quickly led to the river mouth. Terrapin children have arrived in the area of brackish water at the mouth of the river as soon as possible because there are resistant to long periods in sea water with high salinity levels.
River Terrapin
River Terrapin (Batagur affinis) is listed among the 25 animals in the world who face the threat of extinction. Terrapin species now found only in some countries such as Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Sumatra (Indonesia) and Malaysia.
In Malaysia, following the threats we face, decreasing the number of River Terrapin and is only available in some states, such as Kedah, Perak and Terengganu. Terrapin in Terengganu species found in Sungai Setiu , Sungai Terengganu, Sungai Dungun, and other rivers.
Variation of Sea Terrapin and River Terrapin
Significant difference between the sea terrapin and river terrapin is a physical characteristic in the legs and shell. River Terrapin fingers four and shell-shaped gray and flat black. In contrast, five-fingered hand Sea terrapin, the shell is light brown color from a convex shape.
Terrapin at Setiu
Sea and River Terrapin both can be found in the River Setiu. In fact, the population of the largest Marine Terrapin in Malaysia in Sungai Setiu.
Threat to the Terrapin
Terrapin populations of sea and river at Sungai Setiu now believed to be on the verge of extinction. Development projects in large-scale negative impacts that may threaten the survival Terrapin, and was therefore not suitable and not recommended on sandy river beaches and sandy islands in the lagoon which is home Terrapin nesting.
As the fate of the turtle, Terrapin has not escaped the threat caused by human activities such as fishing tools that are not friendly Terrapin (eg gill rays and boat engines), river pollution due to disposal of waste and toxic materials and activities to suck the sand river.
Turtle is an animal unique reptile that existed over 100 million years ago that since the time of the dinosaurs. It has features typical of reptiles, which are scaly skin, lay eggs, breathe through the lungs and body temperature changes according to ambient temperature. Turtle has a hard shell on his back, known as "karapas. They swim with fins foot forward and back.
Male turtles live in the sea during its life without coming to shore, while the female turtles migrate up to several thousand kilometers of waters in which they obtain their food from the beach to lay their eggs. Female turtles return to the beach where he was born to lay eggs and often produces 100 to 140 eggs each time they spawn. Although capable of laying up to eight times a year, most of the female turtle will lay eggs normally once in two years only.
At present, there are seven types of sea turtles living in the waters of the world and four of them landed and lay their eggs in certain beaches in Malaysia.
Turtles are an important component of biodiversity due to its role as an indicator of the state of coastal resources.
Turtles in Malaysia
Four types of sea turtles found in Malaysia are 'Agar' turtle , hawksbill turtle, leatherback turtle and Cockroach Turtle.
1. 'Agar' Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Turtles are most abundant and commonly found in Malaysia.Penyu To eat seaweed and algae, making it the only sea turtles that are herbivore.
2. Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys Meranti)
It is among the most endangered turtle in the world. It is hunted for its shell is beautiful. It is also known as the turtle shell as the shell has a shell which pierced com. It is categorized as a small turtle. The food is soft and strong compositions.
3. Cockroaches turtle (Lepidochelys Olivaceae)
Like to eat fish, squid crab and shrimp. It is the smallest sea turtles, and also among the most endangered turtle in the world.
4. Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys Coriacea)
It is the most endangered turtles in Malaysia. It is the largest turtle in size and also the fastest swimmer compared to turtles, other turtles. They like to eat the torch-the torch. A unique feature of this turtle has a shell that is not hard, different from other turtles, sea turtle.
Turtle Setiu
Sandy beach is an important Setiu for turtle landings order. At one time, and hawksbill turtles have also been reported cockroach landed Setiu coast. There are six locations around the offshore Setiu identified as the main sea turtle landings. As part of turtle conservation efforts in Setiu, two central Hatchery for incubation and hatching turtle eggs and was built in the area and managed by the Fisheries Department in collaboration with the State Fund for Nature Malaysia (WWF-Malaysia)
The threats to the turtles
Greatest threat to the survival of turtles are the human activities. The number of turtles landed in Australia has declined dramatically since 30 years ago.
1) Of the eggs that are not controlled and continues after a long time whether to eat and sell.
2) The development of coastal and offshore.
3) Development of coastal areas to remove or destroy the landing place of the turtle.
4) tourist activities that disrupt or prevent the turtles from landing or eggs
5) Turtle trapped and drowned in fishing gears.
TERRAPIN
Terrapin is herbivour animals that eat fruit, roots, leaves, flowers and plants along the river bank. Terrapin has a smaller size compared to marine turtles. It will only come ashore to lay eggs or to balance the body temperature by sunning on the banks, branches, trees or wood-wood floats.
Terrapin species inhabiting the rivers in Malaysia are Sea Terrapin (Batagur Borneoensis) and River Terrapin (Batagur affinis).
Sea Terrapin
Sea Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) has a hard shell and lay eggs in sandy beaches near the mouth of a river.Terrapin size of adult females are larger than males Terrapin. Terrapin has a five foot claw foot pool in front. Long terrapin karapas 50sm while females can reach a length of male terrapin karapas usually not more than 40cm. Terrapin adult male sea change color during the mating season.
Sea Terrapin can be found in Southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. In Peninsular Malaysia, the population is pleased to lay the Setiu River and the River Paka in Terengganu and Sungai Linggi at the Negeri Sembilan and Melaka. Nesting populations in river likely Setiau is the world's largest population.
Terrapin nesting season for sea usually reaches its peak between June and August in Peninsular Malaysia. Terrapin nesting sea usually at night during low tide. Marine Terrapin female can produce between 15 to 20 eggs are oval in shape every time they spawn.
New born children usually come out of the nest after 70 days. Once out of the nest, the children Terrapin will continue to go to sea and swim quickly led to the river mouth. Terrapin children have arrived in the area of brackish water at the mouth of the river as soon as possible because there are resistant to long periods in sea water with high salinity levels.
River Terrapin
River Terrapin (Batagur affinis) is listed among the 25 animals in the world who face the threat of extinction. Terrapin species now found only in some countries such as Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Sumatra (Indonesia) and Malaysia.
In Malaysia, following the threats we face, decreasing the number of River Terrapin and is only available in some states, such as Kedah, Perak and Terengganu. Terrapin in Terengganu species found in Sungai Setiu , Sungai Terengganu, Sungai Dungun, and other rivers.
Variation of Sea Terrapin and River Terrapin
Significant difference between the sea terrapin and river terrapin is a physical characteristic in the legs and shell. River Terrapin fingers four and shell-shaped gray and flat black. In contrast, five-fingered hand Sea terrapin, the shell is light brown color from a convex shape.
Terrapin at Setiu
Sea and River Terrapin both can be found in the River Setiu. In fact, the population of the largest Marine Terrapin in Malaysia in Sungai Setiu.
Threat to the Terrapin
Terrapin populations of sea and river at Sungai Setiu now believed to be on the verge of extinction. Development projects in large-scale negative impacts that may threaten the survival Terrapin, and was therefore not suitable and not recommended on sandy river beaches and sandy islands in the lagoon which is home Terrapin nesting.
As the fate of the turtle, Terrapin has not escaped the threat caused by human activities such as fishing tools that are not friendly Terrapin (eg gill rays and boat engines), river pollution due to disposal of waste and toxic materials and activities to suck the sand river.
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